Vol.53, No 3 (2020)

Irfan HELMY

Putra Bangsa Economics College, Department of Management, Kebumen, Indonesia

Wiwiek Rabiatul ADAWIYAH

Jenderal Soedirman University, Faculty of Economics and Business, Purwokerto, Indonesia,

Harini Abrilia SETYAWATI

Putra Bangsa Economics College, Department of Management, Kebumen, Indonesia

Abstract

Background/Purpose: The hospitality industries need to create benevolent work environment and social ac­tivities that stimulate frontline service employees (FLEs) innovative behavior. Drawing on social capital theory, this study aims to examine the influence of workplace friendship on promoting FLEs’ innovative service behavior. This study also examines the mediating role of knowledge sharing process (knowledge collecting and knowledge donat­ing) on the relationship between workplace friendship and FLEs’ innovative service behavior. Design/Methodology/Approach: For data collection, the convenience sampling method is applied to survey 163 frontline employees in 3- and 4-stars tourist hotels located in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The present study performed structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) software Smart-PLS v3.0 to test the hypotheses. Results: The result showed that workplace friendship has significant influence on FLEs’ innovative service behavior. Also, this study empirically found that workplace friendship influence FLEs’ innovative service behavior directly and indirectly trough knowledge collecting. Interestingly, knowledge donating has insignificant effect on FLEs innovative service behavior. Conclusion: We conclude that workplace friendship could create a favorable work environment that fostering FLEs innovative service behavior trough knowledge sharing process. Therefore, this research adds to the body of knowl­edge by pointing out the influence of workplace friendship and knowledge sharing process on FLEs innovative ser­vice behavior. This present study also provides the human resource practice regarding how to nurturing workplace friendship that stimulates FLEs innovative work behavior. Keywords: Frontline service employees, Innovative service behavior, Workplace friendship, Knowledge collecting, Knowledge donating Introduction

Robert K. MACGREGOR

Metropolitan University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

Włodzimierz SROKA

WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland; North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa,

Radka MACGREGOR PELIKÁNOVÁ

Metropolitan University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

Abstract

Background/Purpose: The sustainability projected into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is pivotal for luxury fashion businesses and they heavily refer to it. However, do their front-line employees follow this trend? To achieve an effective and efficient CSR, the front-line employees have to share the CSR perception advanced by their businesses. The main objective of the study is to discover, critically assess and compare the CSR perception of the front-line employees of the top luxury fashion industry businesses located in Prague, Czech Republic. Design/Methodology/Approach: An investigative case study of the CSR approach of such employees of all ten top luxury fashion businesses in Prague is performed while using a holistic Meta-Analysis, a manual Delphi method and three rounds of interviews, along with mystery shopping techniques. Results: The heterogenous conglomerate of data reveals: (i) problematic awareness of these employees, (ii) their ignorance of the legal setting, (iii) an imbalance and preferential focus, along with ignorance of certain CSR catego­ries, (iv) direct and indirect contradictions and (v) a preoccupation with the fur issue. Conclusions: This alarming inconsistencies and ambiguity have strong implications for both science and practice, they call for more studies, a deeper understanding of causes and a prompt correction in order to make the CSR perception of these important inside stakeholders be in line with expectations. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), EU law, Luxury fashion, Sustainability.

Dana BERNARDOVÁ

Moravian Business College Olomouc, Department of Social Science and Law, tř. Kosmonautů 1288/1, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic

Klára KAŠPAROVÁ

Masaryk University, Faculty of Economics and Administration – Department of Corporate Economy, Lipová 507/41a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic

Martin FINK

Moravian Business College Olomouc, Department of Social Science and Law, tř. Kosmonautů 1288/1, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic

Kateřina IVANOVÁ

Moravian Business College Olomouc, Department of Social Science and Law, tř. Kosmonautů 1288/1, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic

Tetiana ARKHANGELSKA

Moravian Business College Olomouc, Department of Social Science and Law, tř. Kosmonautů 1288/1, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic

Abstract

Background/Purpose: Regular reporting on Corporate Social Responsibility (hereinafter referred to as CSR) should make it easier for enterprises to identify the sustainability risks and lead to an increased investors and consumers’ confidence. The aim of the paper is to find out how the indices which evaluate the socially responsible behaviour of enterprises are constructed. Design/Methodology/Approach: The scoping review is the method used in this study. The scoping question is: What do we know about the construction of indices evaluating the socially responsible behaviour of organisations from the existing expert resources? Results: The analysis of 20 papers shows that there is no consensus about the method of determining the weights and constructing the index. There are 4 approaches to the aggregated index construction. The first one uses the percentage of filling the specific criteria or the average of values of specific dimensions of the index. The second one uses the multi-criteria decision-making methods (most often the Analytical hierarchical process method). The third one uses unconventional linguistic models and fuzzy logic and finally, the fourth one uses the factor analysis or the method of the main components. Conclusion: The main feature of CSR indices lies in their methodological disunity. It complicates the understanding of the CSR outputs and essentially makes it impossible to create a CSR performance ranking, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (hereinafter referred to as SMEs). Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Index, SMEs, Scoping review, Clarity of CSR index output

Alenka NAGLIČ

University of Maribor, Faculty of Economics and Business, Razlagova 14, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia

Polona TOMINC

University of Maribor, Faculty of Economics and Business, Razlagova 14, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia

Klavdij LOGOŽAR

University of Maribor, Faculty of Economics and Business, Razlagova 14, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia

Abstract

Background/Purpose: Existing literature on the Industry 4.0 concept does not provide a clear empirical verification if and how the implementation of Industry 4.0 impacts export market orientation, market diversification, and export performance of firms. The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework on how firms can increase their export performance by knowing the impact of Industry 4.0 on firms export activities. Methodology: The analysis is based on an examination of 81 Slovenian export firms, with the majority active in the processing industry in which the export of products and services represents a more than 20% share in the total revenue of the firm. Factor analysis and multiple regression were used to process the collected data. Results: The analysis results reveal that firms that invest in advanced technologies and realize digital transformation are better prepared to compete internationally and achieve better export performance. Conclusion: Our study showed the positive link between implementation of Industry 4.0 and export activities of firms and confirmed that implementation of Industry 4.0 leads to many changes in the mindset and operation of Slovenian firms and actively reflects in their export results. The research findings may serve as an important guide for managers in the optimal planning and management of export marketing and business activities. The study thus provides a foundation for the growing research on the relationship between Industry 4.0 and export business activities of firms. Keywords: Industry 4.0, Export market orientation, Market diversification, Export performance.

Farzad SATTARI ARDABILI

Islamic Azad University, Department of Management, Ardabil Branch, Ardabil, Iran

Abstract

Background/Purpose: The main effects of leader-member relationship and the quality of supervisor-subordinate relation­ship are emphasized as main variables that help improve nurses’ job satisfaction and reduce exhaustion. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of the emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and psychological empowerment on psychological exhaustion and job satisfaction of nurses using moderation-mediation effects of leader-member exchange (LMX). Methods: A cross-sectional design was carried out in three public-sector hospitals in north west of Iran during 2016. A total of 138 self-administered questionnaires were used for analysis. The main hypotheses of this study were an­alyzed through applying mediation-moderation analysis using PROCESS model. Results: The results revealed that LMX acted as a mediator between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction through converting its negative effect into positive one. The indirect effect of emotional intelligence on emotional exhaustion through leader-member exchange was strongly negative especially at higher levels of leader-member exchange. Conclusions: High quality relationships between nurses and their superiors could improve their job outcomes. The negative relationship between emotional intelligence and emotional exhausting was more significant when lead­er-member exchange was taken into account. High emotional intelligence in nurses has negative effect on job satis­faction but by mediating role of LMX the effect changed to positive. LMX partially mediated the effect of emotional in­telligence on job satisfaction, except when self-efficacy values were quite large. Psychological empowerment did not significantly moderate the relationship between emotional intelligence, leader-member exchange, and job outcome. Implications for nursing managers: It is recommended to analyze the quality of leader-member exchange in the hospitals before using them for measurement of nurses’ satisfaction and their jobs’ outcomes. Managers should also concentrate more on leader-member exchange and try to improve its quality. Future studies are needed to investi­gate the effects of leader-member exchange quality in longer follow-up periods. Key words: Emotional intelligence, Moderating mediating effect, Leader member Exchange (LMX), Psychological

Jože ZALAR

Višja strokovna šola za gostinstvo, velnes in turizem Bled, Slovenia

Goran VUKOVIČ

University of Maribor, Faculty of Organizational Science, Kranj

Rok OVSENIK

Alma Mater Europaea, Evropski center, Maribor, Slovenia

Abstract

Background/Purpose: The demographic structure of the countryside shows that the number of people aged 65 or more is increasing; however, they are still active and motivated for work and help the younger generation. The research aims at studying the influence of the elderly on the organisation of tourist farms; particularly the factors which affect the organisation of operation and modernisation thereof, such as the factors of inheritance, intergen­erational organisational relationships and cooperation, the frequency of further training, inclusion of the elderly in tourist farms and the effect of the perceived changes in the organisation of subsidiary tourist activities on farms on the perception of modernisation. Methodology: A critical review of secondary literature sources has been made and the findings were summarised by applying the synthesis method. Further on, a survey was conducted on tourist farms in all Slovenian cohesion regions in order to collect the data which was then analysed by multiple regression method, applying IBM SPSS software. Results: Inheritance factors do not affect the perception of the modernisation of tourist farms in a statistically signif­icant way; the same applies for intergenerational relationships for people, aged 51 or more while the influence was established for people under 51. Furthermore, the inclusion of the elderly does not have any influence neither does the frequency of further training while education and trainings themselves are important. It has been found out that the expansion of the offer, followed by the division of work, is the most significant for the perception of modernisation. Conclusion: Survey results show good relationships among the social actors and possible solutions which can be implemented in order to help the population of the Slovenian countryside concerned. Key words: The elderly, Modernising the organisation, Tourism, Tourist farms, Organisation.